The Cairn Terrier is a breed of dog that originates from Scotland, on the Isle of Skye. Although it is believed to be the oldest of the Scottish terriers, these dogs were originally known as the Short-Haired Skye Terrier. The name Cairn was actually given as a compromise when the breed received recognition from the Kennel Club.

Cairn Terriers are a small breed with a fox-like expression, standing at only 9-10 inches and weighing in at 13-14 pounds. They have a harsh, weather-resistant outer coat and a soft, dense undercoat. Colors include cream, wheaten, red, sandy, gray, or brindled. Pure black, black and tan, and white are not accepted in any kennel clubs. The fur of a brindled Cairn will often change throughout its lifetime, becoming more black or silver as it ages.


It is often reported that the name of the Cairn Terrier is derived from the piles of stones common throughout Scotland that serve as landmarks or memorials. While it is true that these dogs often helped bolt otter, fox, and other vermin from them, the name ‘cairn’ was not the original choice for the breed.

Aside from the Cairn, there are four other terrier breeds that hail from Scotland, the Dandie Dinmont, Scottish, Skye, and West Highland White Terriers. While the history of these breeds can be murky it is normally accepted that they are all closely related with the Cairn being the oldest, known since at least 1500.

Until 1873 all Scotland Terriers were grouped together as Scotch Terriers, but were then separated into two groups, as Dandie Dinmont and Skye Terriers. The breeds we know today as the Scottish, West Highland White, and Cairn all fell under the Skye Terrier grouping along with the breed of that name. It was not until 1909 that the Kennel Club (KC) offered classes for Short-Haired Skyes. The Skye Terrier Club was unhappy with this addition and eventually a change of name to Cairn Terrier of Skye was suggested, and the shortened name of Cairn Terrier was agreed upon in 1912.


The Cairn Terrier is a true terrier at heart, spirited, fearless, hardy, loyal, and curious creatures. They can be independent but are affectionate and friendly little dogs. Usually they are easy to train and good with children, but will always exhibit a high prey drive. Cairn Terriers also make good watchdogs, eager to alert their owners of anything they find amiss.

Generally a healthy breed, Cairn Terriers live around 14 years. Be careful not to over feed them, as they tend to gain weight easily. They do suffer from some genetic diseases, such as, cataracts, hip dysplasia, and luxating patella.

A Cairn Terrier can easily live in an apartment provided it receives plenty of exercise. As with all breeds, they should be taken on a daily walk. Take special care to secure any fenced area they are left in, as they are diggers.

The coat of a Cairn Terrier requires a good brushing at least twice a week to prevent matting. They also need to be stripped regularly, this breed sheds very little.